Which of the following is an example of non-working media?

Non-working media refers to expenditures that do not directly contribute to the delivery of advertising messages to the audience. In this context, third-party verification serves as an essential service that ensures transparency and measurement of ad campaigns but does not itself deliver ads or engage consumers. It verifies that the advertising placement occurred as intended and provides insights on performance but does not encompass media that directly interacts with or influences consumers.

Direct mail, paid advertising, and social media posts are forms of working media since they actively carry the advertising content to potential customers, generating impressions, engagements, or conversions. Therefore, the characteristics of third-party verification clearly align with the definition of non-working media, setting it apart from other options that are directly involved in the media buying process.